History of Tarrif: how the concept evolved

The history of trade tariffs spans millennia, from ancient civilizations imposing duties on goods to modern efforts at reducing trade barriers. Early tariffs were often used to protect domestic industries and generate revenue, evolving into more complex systems as international trade expanded.

The concept of tariffs dates back to ancient Mesopotamia, where rulers in Sumerian city-states levied duties on goods entering their territories.

In the pre-modern era, countries often used tariffs to protect their own industries and control colonial trade, a practice known as mercantilism.

England introduced export duties as early as 1275, initially on hides and wool, later expanding to over 200 commodities.

The 19th century saw a growing movement towards free trade, with some nations abolishing export duties (e.g., England, France, Prussia).

The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), signed in 1947, aimed to reduce trade barriers and boost economic recovery after World War II.

The World Trade Organization (WTO), established in 1995, now governs international trade, with ongoing negotiations to further reduce tariffs and other trade barriers.